HTML Form Elements

This chapter describes all HTML form elements.

The <input> Element

The most important form element is the <input> element.

The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute.

<input name="firstname" type="text">

If the type attribute is omitted, the input field gets the default type: "text".

The <select> Element

The <select> element defines a drop-down list:

<select name="cars">
    <option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
    <option value="saab">Saab</option>
    <option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
    <option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

The <option> elements defines an option that can be selected.

By default, the first item in the drop-down list is selected.

To define a pre-selected option, add the selected attribute to the option:

<option value="fiat" selected>Fiat</option>

This is how it will look like in a browser:

Visible Values:

Use the size attribute to specify the number of visible values:

<select name="cars" size="3">
    <option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
    <option value="saab">Saab</option>
    <option value="fiat">Fiat</option>
    <option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

This is how it will look like in a browser:

Allow Multiple Selections:

Use the multiple attribute to allow the user to select more than one value:

The <textarea> Element

The <textarea> element defines a multi-line input field (a text area):

<textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="30">
    The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>

The rows attribute specifies the visible number of lines in a text area.

The cols attribute specifies the visible width of a text area.

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

You can also define the size of the text area by using CSS:

<textarea name="message" style="width:200px; height:600px;">
    The cat was playing in the garden.
</textarea>

The <button> Element

The <button> element defines a clickable button:

<button type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')">Click Me!</button>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Note: Always specify the type attribute for the button element. Different browsers may use different default types for the button element.

HTML5 Form Elements

HTML5 added the following form elements:

  • <datalist>
  • <output>

Note: Browsers do not display unknown elements. New elements that are not supported in older browsers will not "destroy" your web page.

HTML5 Element</h2>

The <datalist> element specifies a list of pre-defined options for an <input> element.

Users will see a drop-down list of the pre-defined options as they input data.

The list attribute of the <input> element, must refer to the id attribute of the <datalist> element.

<form action="/action_page.php">
        <input list="browsers">
        <datalist id="browsers">
        <option value="Internet Explorer">
        <option value="Firefox">
        <option value="Chrome">
        <option value="Opera">
        <option value="Safari">
    </datalist> 
</form>

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

</div>
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